I love history. Not the history of when this war was fought
or why that date is important, but rather, the history of the common person.
After all, very few of us will ever have our names on marques but that doesn’t
mean that each and every one of us isn’t important. My interest in history has
always been from the perspective of, “what would my life been like if I lived
back in (fill in the blank)?
Recently I’ve become enamored with the lives of servants
from the last century. While many people may love shows such as “Downton Abbey”
or “The Buccaneers” , the fact is that very few of us would have ever lived
that lives. Most of us take for granted that three times a day we’ll have a
meal and at the end of the day we’ll return home. This was not a certainty for
many of our predecessors. A good many in the English society of the 19th
century were desperately poor and while a life in service was backbreaking
work, it was work and one that offered three meals in one’s belly and a roof
over one’s head. So, the poor would cart their daughters and sometimes their
sons to the homes of the wealthy or sometimes the middle class to ensure a
better life that what they could provide.
“In 1891 there was nearly one and a half million men and
women, boys and girls, employed in private households”, cites Frank Dawes in
his book, “Not in Front of the Servants” but “by 1921 the number was down
to 1,232,046 a decrease of 82,000 people”. The First World War and a better
education which provided the poor a means to more media access widened the job
market for women especially. By the Second World War the economic landscape had
leveled out and few desired to return to the world of being a servant.
PBS’ manor house (http://www.pbs.org/manorhouse/)
brought modern day people into the realm of this era… some as “The Family” and
the majority as the servants, both the “Upper Ten” and the “Lower Ten”. If
you’ve never seen it, I highly recommend it. You’ll learn things you never
thought about. Remember when Cinderella’s sisters call her “a scullery from the
kitchen” in Disney’s rendition? Did you have any idea what that was or why that
may have been demeaning? The scullery was the person that washed ALL the dishes
from the house, and at that point, there was no concern about her “dishpan
hands”. Also, it brings you to a different perspective. While there are rich
and poor in America to be certain, few of us ever consider that another person
is better than us just because they have more money (It could be argued that
today’s currency is “Fame”. Our society being the “Cult of Personality”). But a hundred years ago there was no thought
about this in England.
It was just taken for granted that your employers were your betters. The rising
middle class were the worst in this snobbery trying to emulate established
wealthy families.
According to Dawes’ research, you would have awoken in an
unheated attic around 4:45am. Depending
upon your job, you may have to lay fires for the home, prep the cook’s table
(Margaret Powell states she started this way in “Life Below Stairs) and then
scrub the uneven floor of the kitchen with very caustic soap on your hands and
knees. Then maybe clean the knob of the front door, wash the outside stairs and
be back in the kitchen to serve the servant’s breakfast, cleaning up afterward.
Then more work and lunch and supper to prep for. Your day started this early
and may not end until after midnight.
For all this work, you may receive 9 pounds or about 18 dollars (US) a YEAR.
Even with this hard work Dawes received hundreds of letters
from former servants back in 1972 in which they were very nostalgic for their
past lives.
To honor those sometimes nameless, hardworking people I
attempted a furniture cream recipe I found. In using this I found it better to clean the furniture than polish per se. Dawes relates that the staff general had to
make their own cleaning agents as employers rarely provided them.
“..
servants had to make their own cleaning materials- silver sand and vinegar for
scouring copper pots, melted beeswax and turpentine for polishing the floors,
furniture polish from linseed oil, methylated spirits, turpentine and white wax…”
Furniture Polish
4 oz beeswax
16 fl oz turpentine
2 ½ cups herbal tea, strained
1 oz soap flakes (I grated a bar of Fels Napa available
where the laundry detergent is found in the grocery store).
1 tsp your favorite essential oil (I used Lavender although
Sandalwood would have been wonderful).
Now I’m going to suggest a change of procedure from the
recipe due to my concern with heating a solvent which clearly states that is
flammable. I did this originally and as I did this, realized that this could be
very dangerous. While nothing did happen, learn from my mistake.
Melt the wax in a candle melting pot until liquid. Add to this carefully to your turpentine
(in another container) and your essential oils. In another pot, place your tea and soap flakes and heat until soap is dissolved. Remove from heat and add your wax/turpentine mixture to the soap mixture and then stir to combine.Stir to a thickened consistency like mayonnaise. Pour
into jars and leave until cool. Cover it and wait about one week.To use, rub the cream into the furniture with
one rag and buff off with another.
For a bit of fun see who you may have been living or working
in a “Great House”.